Explanation Text

 Explanation Text


Definition

An explanation text tells your audience how something works or why something happens.
Explanations detail and logically describe the stages in a process, such as the water cycle, or how a steam engine works. Other examples could be how a law is made, or why we blink when we sneeze.
There are three types of explanations.

  • Sequential – These detail the stages in an event eg: how a caterpillar turns into a moth.
  • Causal - Details what causes the change from one stage to the next ie: How a president is elected.
  • Theoretical - Details the possible phenomena behind a natural or created process that is not fully understood. eg What caused the Nazi's to lose World War II.
  • Factorial and consequential explanations explain the effects and outcomes of processes. They are more commonly used in upper primary and secondary
An explanation text is similar to a procedural text, and these can often be confused, however, an explanation text explains the how and why behind a process such as
  • What causes a Tsunami?
  • Why are our rain forests disappearing?
  • The process of making aluminum.
A procedural text is generally instructing how to make or do something such as a recipe. Although they appear similar they are very different when compared side by side

Purpose

  • An explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific, and cultural phenomena.
  • To explain how or why something happens.

According to Mark Anderson and Kathy Anderson in Text Types in English (1997: 82) says that the explanation text type is often used to tell how and why things (phenomena) occur in nature.

Generic Structure & Language Features

In an explanation text, there are linguistic features as below :
  • Using simple present tense
  • Using abstract noun (no visible noun)
  • Using Passive voice
  • Using Action verbs
  • Containing an explanation of the process.

Explanation text is divided into three-part, which is;
  • General statement
stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.
  • Sequenced of explanation
It contains a sequence of events of a process which is the topic of the text. we can convey thorough and,
  • Closing
The closing part is an optional part or doesn't have to be in this text. This section may contain additional information or the author's opinion on the topics discussed.

Characteristic


An explanation text tells your audience how something works or why something happens. Explanations detail and logically describe the stages in a process, such as the water cycle, or how a steam engine works. Other examples could be how a law is made, or why we blink when we sneeze. It's always featuring all four of this, that is
  • Featuring generic participant; sun, rain, etc
  • Using chronological connection; to begin with, next, etc
  • Using passive voice pattern
  • Using simple present tense




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